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In the present work, we describe the isolation and partial structural and biochemical characterization of the first phospholipase A2 inhibitor (γPLI) from Crotalus durissus collilineatus (Cdc) snake serum. Initially, the Cdc serum was subjected to a Q-Sepharose ion exchange column, producing six peaks at 280 nm absorbance (Q1–Q6). Subsequently, Q4 fraction was submitted to affinity chromatography...
ScFvs are composed of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains via a short linker that maintain the specific antigen binding abilities of antibodies. In this study, we constructed a naïve mouse phage displayed library to generate scFvs against Cry1Ab toxin. After affinity panning, positive phage-scFvs were isolated, sequenced and characterized by ELISA. The best binding ability scFv-G9 was...
The hepatoprotective effect of freeze-dried methanolic leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba was evaluated against lantadenes-induced hepatic damage in guinea pigs. The reversed-phase HPLC analysis of lantadenes confirmed the presence of 72.82% of lantadene A. UPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of ginkgolide B, C, bilobalide and traces of ginkgolide A and J in G. biloba extract. The concentration of...
In order to decode the roles that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play in excitatory neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuropathologies, there is need for ligands that differ in their subtype selectivity. The conantokin family of Conus peptides is the only group of peptidic natural products known to target NMDA receptors. Using a search that was guided by phylogeny, we identified new...
Gymnopilins are substances produced in fruiting bodies of the hallucinogenic mushroom, Gymnopilus junonius. Although, only a few biological effects of gymnopilins on animal tissues have been reported, it is believed that gymnopilins are a key factor of the G. junonius poisoning. In the present study, we found that gymnopilins inhibited ACh-evoked responses in neuronal cell line, PC12 cell, and determine...
This study investigated the effects of Phα1β, pregabalin and diclofenac using an animal model of fibromyalgia (FM). Repeated administration of reserpine (0.25 mg/kg sc) once daily for three consecutive days significantly decreased thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and dopamine and serotonin content in the brain on the 4th day. Phα1β and pregabalin treatment completely reverted the mechanical...
It is known that the family of phospholipases D (PLD) from spiders of the genus Loxosceles, hydrolyze the substrates sphingomyelin and lisophosphatidylcholine, by their catalytic acid–base action which involves two histidines. However, little is known about the amino acids that participate on substrate recognition. In this study we identified highly conserved amino acids of the glycerophosphoryl diester...
•Analgesics tramadol and morphine were used in mice injected with Bothrops asper venom.•Analgesics did not alter the acute toxicity of B. asper venom in mice.•Precautionary (prophylactic) analgesia should be introduced routinely in Toxinology.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A1 (BoNTs/A1) and type B (BoNT/B) have been used for treating hyperactive muscle contractions. In the present study, we compared the effect of botulinum neurotoxin subtype A2 (6.5 mouse LD50 units A2 neurotoxin, A2NTX) and onabotulinumtoxinA (10 mouse LD50 units BoNT/A1 product) by measuring the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) before and after administration.In...
Using the tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata, we have previously established a delayed jellyfish envenomation syndrome (DJES) model, which is meaningful for clinical interventions against jellyfish stings. However, the mechanism of DJES still remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore its potential mechanism by detecting TE-induced microvasculature alterations in vivo...
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